Liner plate



June 2U, i933. B lCUSHWA Lg'll LINER PLATE Filed Aug. 1o, 1932 2 sheets-sheet` l June 20, 1933. c, B, cusHwA LINER PLATE Filed Aug. 10, 1932 I 2 Sheets-Sheet. 2v

Q ll w Y v INVENTORr Patented June 20, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CHARLES B. CUSHWA, 0F YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE COMMERCIAL SHEAR- IN'G AND,ST AMPING COMPANY, OF YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO, A. CORPORATION OF OHIO LINER PLATE Application led August 10, 1932. Serial No. 628,121.

My invention relates to a plate for use in building up linings for tunnels or. othergtu-I plates, certain facts have been observedwhich might swing the balance of advantage in favor of the cast iron plate.

Ordinarily, liner plates are connected end to end to form rings which are placed side by side to form a lining for a tunnel as the present types of plates.

bore proceeds. When a tunnel lining of pressed steel plates is subjected to a radial load, there is a tendency for the lining to give. This results from the fact that there must necessarily be a slight zone ot curvature between the skin or body of a pressed steel liner plate and the integral iianges bent at substantially right angles thereto to permit connection olf adjacent plates. Obviously, it is the resistance of these curved portions of the plates to further bending which resists radial loads on the lining, and naturally, the resistance to further bending o a flange bent from a metal sheet is not very great. It may thus happen that tunnel linings made of pressed sheet steel plates do not have the resistance to radial loads characterizing linings made of cast plates, the abutting edges of which may be provided with sharp square edges which directly transmit circumferentially of the lining all radial stress to which it is subject.

An object ofthe invention is to provide a tunnel liner plate of pressed sheet steel construction, the turned-down ianges of which at each end of the plate have a greater resistance to bending than `the end anges of The resistance of a tunnel lining of such plates to radial loads,

`obviously, is greater than that of a lining composed of plates having the ordinary integral down-turned flanges at each end.

In accordance with my invention, I form corrugations in the end flanges of a liner plate and extend the corrugations continuously throughout the length of the skin or body portion thereof. A series of continuous corrugations thus extend from the edge of one end of the plate radially of the tunnel lining to the skin, circumferentially of the tunnel along the length of the plate to the lother end, and thence radially inward to the edge of the Iiange at that end.

In a modified form ofthe invention, the end flanges of the liner plate may be flat instead of corrugated but will have their edges deformed in symmetry with the corrugations of the skin which extend from end to end of the plate. According to another modification, the corrugations in the skin terminate short of the ends of the plate and the latter are provided with bracing knees pessed therein during the formation of the p ate.

For a complete understanding of the invention, reference is made to the accompanying drawings illustrating a preferred embodiment of the invention and certain modifications thereof.

In the drawings,

- Figure 1 is a partial plan view of a pair of liner plates constructed in accordance with the invention, connected together end.

to end, as in the building up of a ring forming a section of tunnel lining;

Figure 2 is a similar view showing a slightly different type of liner plate;

Figure 3A is a similar' view of a still further form of plate;

Figure 3 is a partial sectional View along the plane of line III-III of Figure 2;

Figure 4 is an end view of a liner plate of the general type shown in Figures 1 through 3; v Figure 5 is a -sectional view along the line V-V of Figure 4;

Figure 6 is an end View ofa further modified form of plate;

'Figure 7 is a sectional view along the line VII-VII of Figure 6; and

Figure 8 is a view similar to Figure 5 showing a further modification.

Referring now in detail to the drawings,

. The corrugations in the skin 19, as may be the liner plates shown in Figure 1 are of one piece construction, -being formed by a pressing operation from a single steel sheet of appropriate gauge. Each liner plate has a sklnfor body portion 10, end flan 11 and 12, and side flanges 13 and 14. the die pressing operation by which the plates are formed from a fiat sheet, I provide the skin and endflanges of the finished plate with corrugations 15. The side flanges arelat. These-corrugations extend lengthwise of the plate and are continuous from edge to edge thereof, as is more clearly shown in Figure 3. Since the curved intersection 16 between the skin and end walls of each plate is thus 'provided with a series of corrugations, it is strongly reinforced against further bending at that point. As shown in Figure 1, the two end flanges of each plate are conformable in shapev so that the ends of adjacent lates will match properly for connection Ey bolts 17. The corrugations extend at a small angle to the length of the late so that an outward bulge on one end ange is in line with an inward bulge on the other.

' It is obvious that for a proper junction, the

two plates must be positioned with the proper ends adjacent. If a plate is reversed from its proper position, it will not make a tight joint but can easily be reversed and connected properly to its neighbor.

FigureL 2 illustrates a slightly di'erent form of plate, the ends of which are formed to be similar' but not conformable. With the type of plate shown in Figure2, it is Inecessary to use two different sets of dies and adjoining plates in any rin must be alternately of different pattern. If the two types of plates are properly alternated, however, there will'be no necessity for reversing a plate, since both ends of one type vof plate w1ll fit either end of the othertype. Since the hills and valleys of the corrugations in the end flanges of the plates shown in Figure 2 are in exact alinement axially of the plate, the skin corrugations extend parallel to the side flan es.

OFi e 3A. s ows a type of plate which fits tlghtly any similar plate and doesnot have to be specially A,positioned relative thereto.

Another form of the invention is shown in Figures 4 and 5. According to4 this form, a tunnel liner plate 1 8 has a corrugated skin, 19, end flanges 20, and fiat side flanges 21.

observed in Figure, extend to the edges of the end flanges 20and the latter are distortedin symmetry with the skin corru-4 gations.' Since the bend between the skin and the e'nd flange is corrugated, it is thereby strengthened to resist further bending due to radial stress to which the tunnel liningjs subject.'

- igures 6.and -7 illustrate a still further modification of the invention according to which a liner plate 22, having a skin 23, end flanges 24, and .side flanges 25, is provided with corrugations 26 wl'nchterminate short of the ends of the plate. Reinforcing knees 27 are pressed into the end flanges and provide substantial reinforcement for the latter withoutinterfering with the end to end connection of adjacent plates. This characteristic, of course, is common to all forms of the invention. l. Figure 8 shows a form of plate generally similar to that of Figures 4 and 5 except that the corrugations terminate at the end `flanges. The latter are flat but are distorted slightly in their plane in conformity with the skin corrugations'. Y Y

It will be apparentV from the fore oing description that the invention provi es a liner platel for tunnels or other tubular structures which is characterized by eaterJ resistance to radial stresses than ormer types of pressed sheet steel liners. I am aware that it has been proposed heretofore to corrugate tunnel liners and other sheet 90 metal articles for the purpose of increasing their rigidity, but I believe I am the first to provide a tunnel liner having an end flange bent up fromthe skin plate and rovided with resistance to bending vin a dition to that of the bent zone of the metal itself. As previously explained, the increased resistance of the end flanges of the plates to bending produces a considerable increase in the resistance of completed tunnel sections to radial thrusts. s

Although I have illustrated and described but a few embodiments of the invention, it will be ap arent that it may be otherwise constructed) without departing from the scope of the appended-claims.

I claim: bo. A liner plate com ris' adskin or y ortion bent-u si e an en In 1 e; integrlail thei'ewith Isaid skin and end 1.10 flanges being provided with continuous corrugations extending from the edge of one end flange to the edge of the other.

2. A hner plate comprising a skin having integral bent-up end flanges, said skin and end Aflanges having corrugations extending continuousl therealong, the corrugations inthe en tlangps being bent in the same'direction from t 'e neutral plane.

3.-In ailiner tion, integral siv e and end flanges bent u therefrom, said skin having longitudina corrugations extending from one end flan e to the other, said end flanges bein dlstorted transversely in symmetry wi the -125 skincorrugations. 4 A

'4. .A liner plate comprising a skin or .body portion having integral side and end flanges bent up therefrom, said side. flanges being fiat, and said end flanges and skin `13o late, a skin or body por-J y having continuous eorrugations extending longitudinally of the plate.

5. A liner plate comprising a skin orI body portion, and side and end anges integral therewith, said body portion having eorrugations extending throughout a part thereof, at least, and corrugations in said end ianges extending around the junction of said last-mentioned flanges and said body portion.

6. A tunnel liner segment comprising a skin plate having side anges and end fianges, the plate being adapted for joining in end-to-end relationl with other similar plates to form a lining course, and stiilening corrugations at the junction of the skin plate and lthe end flanges, the metal ofthe plate and flanges being deformed from the general plane thereof to form such corrugations. j

7 A pressed steel liner segment comprising a s in plate curved in one direction,

'side and end fianges projecting inwardly from said plate, and stiiiening corrugations extending from the plate into said end fianges, the material of the plate and the flanges being deformed inwardly from the general planes of said plates to form said corrugations.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

CHARLES B. CUSHWA. 

